Articles and Books for Health Care Professionals
Articles
Dias M, Marcuse EK. When parents resist immunizations. Contemp Pediatr. 2000;17:75-86.
Offit PA, Jew RK. Addressing parents' concerns: do vaccines contain harmful preservatives, adjuvants, additives, or residues? Pediatrics. 2003;112:1394-1397.
Offit PA, Quarles J, Gerber MA, et al. Addressing parents' concerns: do multiple vaccines overwhelm or weaken the infant's immune system? Pediatrics. 2002;109:124-129.
Diekema DS, and American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Bioethics. Responding to parental refusals of immunization of children. Pediatrics. 2005;115:1428-1431.
Books
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
12th Edition (April 2011).
by the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Vaccines: What You Should Know
by Paul A. Offit and Louis M. Bell
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2003
Vaccines
5th Edition (2008).
by Stanley A. Plotkin, Walter A. Orenstein, and Paul A. Offit
Elsevier Inc
The Vaccine Handbook: A Practical Guide for Clinicians
by Gary S. Marshall, Penelope H. Dennehy, David P. Greenberg, Paul A. Offit,
Tina Q. Tan
Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003
INDICATIONS FOR PREVNAR 13®
In adults 50 years of age and older, Prevnar 13® is a vaccine indicated for:
- active immunization for the prevention of pneumonia and invasive diseaseaused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F. This indication is based on immune responses elicited by Prevnar 13®. There have been no controlled trials in adults demonstrating a decrease in pneumococcal pneumonia or invasive disease after vaccination with Prevnar 13®
In children 6 weeks through 5 years of age (prior to the 6th birthday),
Prevnar 13® is a vaccine indicated for:
- active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F
- active immunization for the prevention of otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F. No otitis media efficacy data are available for serotypes 1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F, and 19A
Limitations of Use and Effectiveness
- Prevnar 13® will not protect against disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes that are not in the vaccine
- The effectiveness of Prevnar 13® administered less than 5 years after 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is not known
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
- Severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) to any component of Prevnar 13® or any diphtheria toxoid?containing vaccine is a contraindication to the use of Prevnar 13®
- Immunocompromised individuals or individuals with impaired immune responsiveness due to the use of immunosuppressive therapy may have reduced antibody response to active immunization due to impaired immune responsiveness
- In adults, antibody responses to Prevnar 13® were diminished when given with inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine
- In adults aged 50 years and older the commonly reported solicited adverse reactions were pain at the injection site (>50%), fatigue (>30%), headache (>20%), muscle pain (>20%), joint pain (>10%), decreased appetite (>10%), injection site redness (>10%), injection site swelling (>10%), limitation of arm movement (>10%), chills (>5%) or rash (>5%)
- Apnea following intramuscular vaccination has been observed in some infants born prematurely. Decisions about when to administer an intramuscular vaccine, including Prevnar 13®, to infants born prematurely should be based on consideration of the individual infant's medical status and the potential benefits and possible risks of vaccination
- In infants and toddlers, the most commonly reported serious adverse events were bronchiolitis (0.9%, 1.1%), gastroenteritis (0.9%, 0.9%), and pneumonia (0.9%, 0.5%) for Prevnar 13® and Prevnar® (Pneumococcal 7-valent Conjugate Vaccine [Diphtheria CRM197 Protein]), respectively
- In infants and toddlers vaccinated at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age in US clinical trials, the most commonly reported solicited adverse reactions were irritability (>70%), injection site tenderness (>50%), decreased appetite (>40%), decreased sleep (>40%), increased sleep (>40%), fever (>20%), injection site redness (>20%), and injection site swelling (>20%)